Developing World

Carraguard Developers: Population Council Testing Phase: Phase III Mechanism of Action: Adsorption inhibitor (prevents entry into host target cells by coating the virus, coating the target cells, or through charged interactions). Cellulose Sulfate/CS Developers: Global Microbicide Project, CONRAD, and Family Health International Testing Phase: Phase III Mechanism of Action: Entry inhibitor and adsorption inhibitor Emmelle/Dextrin-2-sulphate Developers: Medical Research Council, Indevus,Pharmaceuticaland ML Laboratories Testing Phase: Phase III Mechanism of Action: Adsorption inhibitor Savvy/C-31G Developers: Biosyn and Family Health International Testing Phase: Phase III Mechanism of Action: Surfactant (inactivates or destroys viruses and bacterial pathogens by disrupting their outer envelopes or membranes) BufferGel Developers: ReProtect and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Testing Phase: Phase II/IIb Mechanism of Action: Acid buffer (maintains an acidic pH balance in the vagina, which inhibits HIV) PRO 2000 Developers: Indevus Pharmaceuticals and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Testing Phase: Phase II/IIb Mechanism of Action: Entry inhibitor and fusion inhibitor